1.
Biometrical And Histological Studies Of Testes In Different Age Groups Of Azikheli Buffalo Bulls
by Salahuddin | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1797,T] (1).
2.
Evaluation Of Antidiabetic Effects Of Momordica Charantia On Microarchetecture Of Pancreas And Blood Biochemistey in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Saad Khaliq | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2178,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder Supplementation On Morphometric Characteristics Of Bone And Skeletal Muscle Of Broiler Chicken
by Hafiz Faseeh ur Rehman (2013-VA-437) | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Herbal extracts are being used as alternatives to sub-therapeutic antibiotics. Their mechanism of action involves improving growth performance through modulation of immune status of birds and increasing absorption of nutrients through gastro-intestinal tract. Moringa oleifera is one such herb which not only has antibacterial, antifungal properties but also have a good quantity of essential vitamins and minerals.
This study was aimed to analyze the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in different concentrations (0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5%) on commercially important muscle characteristics and morphometric parameters of tibia bone.
Day-old broilers (n = 100) were randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D & E), each group having 4 replicates (n=5). Group A (Control) was fed basal diet while group B, C, D & E were fed same diet with 0.6%, 0.9% ,1.2% and 1.5 % supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder for 35 days. Birds were immunized against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease.
On day 35 of the experiment, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered by exsanguination. Blood was collected in plan test tube and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to harvest serum and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in serum. After slaughtering samples of breast muscle (pectoralis major) were taken for pH measurement and water holding capacity (WHC). For histological slide preparation breast muscle sample were processed by paraffin embedding technique and stained by Haematoxyline & Eosin. Histomorphometry was done by using software (ProgRes®2.1.1 Capture Prog Camera Control Software).
Summary
38
The right and left tibiae of each bird were collected for the morphometric measurements. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test Difference between groups was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The results revealed that water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in 0.6% MOLP, 0.9% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups as compare to control group. pH values of breast meat in all MOLP supplemented groups were significantly higher at o hour, 12 hour and 24 hour after slaughtering.
The supplementation of MOLP did not significantly affect muscle fiber density in breast muscle, but muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle from groups supplemented with 1.2% and 1.5% MOLP were significantly higher (P<0.05) than control group and group supplemented with 0.6% MOLP. The muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle of 0.9% MOLP supplemented group did not vary significantly from control as well as all other MOLP supplemented groups.
In tibia, bone length, bone diameter, medullary canal diameter did not change significantly in supplemented and control group. The weight of tibia bone increased significantly in groups supplemented with 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP when compared to control group. In right tibia, all treated groups ash% was significantly (P<0.05) high when compared to control group but the left tibiae the ash% of left tibia was significantly (P<0.05) higher in 0.6% MOLP supplemented group when compare to all other groups. The ash% of control group, 0.9% and 1.2% MOLP supplemented groups were significantly high than 1.5% MOLP.
The serum ALP level and Tibio-Tarsal Index did not vary significantly in all experimental groups. The robusticity index of control group was higher for both left and right tibia bone when compared to 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups. The
Summary
39
Weight/Length Index of tibia bone was also significantly high in 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups as compared to control group.
One of the most important considerations which should be kept in mind at the time of sample collection for WHC measurements and for getting cross section of muscles on slides for microscopic morphometry is orientation of muscle fibre and muscle fascicle in a given muscle. The muscle fibres of breast muscle (pectoralis major) in birds are neither perpendicular nor parallel with keel bone’s long axis but running at an oblique angle where the higher end of muscle fibre is on the lateral edges of muscle and lower end of muscle fibre is towards the medial end, so for sampling one must first ascertain muscle fibre direction and then they should be cut perpendicular to their oblique angle.
Conclusion
Supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (1.2% and 1.5%) in diet of broilers improved commercially important traits of breast muscle along with improving the mineral contents and strength of tibia bone. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2461-T] (1).
4.
Effect of Citrullus Colocynthis on Histomorphometric Parameters of Pancreas, Liver and Kidney in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Waqas Ahmed (2014-VA-213) | Dr. Hafsa Zainab | Dr. Sahar Ijaz | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: CD Corrupted. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2464-T] (1).
5.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nano-Particles On Histological Features Of Pancreas, Liver And Kidney In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Nihar Ali (2014-VA-538) | Dr.Hafsa Zaneb | Dr.Saima Masood | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder, is considered one of the top five causes of death globally, affecting as many as 150 million people worldwide. In diabetic subjects, use of zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnONPs) leads to reduction in blood glucose level and higher expression of insulin receptors. However, the structural changes introduced by them in pancreas, liver and kidney of diabetic rats are largely undocumented. The current study, therefore, was designed to report the modifications effectuated in the histomorphometry of the above- mentioned organs of diabetic rats through oral use of ZnONPs.
The study included 25 Wistar rats, housed in stainless steel cages in the animal shed. The rats were kept in environmentally controlled room with temperature of 24 ± 5 ºC, under a 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle and provided free access to water and food. The rats were divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan in four groups, leaving one group as negative control. The treatment of ZnONPs was mixed in the feed of three diabetic groups at 15mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg respectively doses for 15 days. At the termination of the trial, pancreas, liver and kidney were dissected out, fixed and processed for histomorphometry. Diameter and density of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, number and diameter of alpha, beta cells, renal cortex width, glomerular diameter, proximal and distal convoluted tubules diameter, wall to lumen thickness ratio of proximal and distal convoluted tubules, Bowman’s capsule basement membrane thickness, central vein diameter of liver, width of hepatocyte cords and Kupffer cells count was studied.
The morphometric results showed that size of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, diameter and number of beta cells per islet was lower (p<0.05) in positive control group and ZnONPs treated groups G1, G2, and G3 than in negative control group. There was no significant difference of islet size, diameter and number of beta cells between G1, G2, G3 groups and positive control group. Histomorphometric evaluation of alpha cells showed that alpha cells count and diameter remained the same in all groups. Pancreatic islet density was similar among all groups.
Glomerular diameter in control positive group was similar (p>0.05) to control negative group. Glomerular diameter increased (p>0.05) in ZnONPs treated groups (G1, G2, G3) as compared to both control groups. The cortex width decreased (p<0.05) in positive control group as compared to negative control, increased (p>0.05) in ZnONPs treated groups (G1, G2, G3) as compared to both control groups. The cortex width decreased (p<0.05) in positive control group as compared to negative control group Following treatment with ZnONPs, thickness increased (p<0.05) in G2 and G3 groups compared to positive control group but was similar to that of negative control group. Proximal convoluted tubule diameter increased (p<0.05) in ZnONPs treated groups as compared to both control groups. The distal convoluted tubules diameter increased in G1, G2 and G3 groups as compared to control groups. Wall to lumen ratio of distal tubules showed no significant difference among groups. Bowman’s capsule basement membrane thickness significantly increased in the positive control group and G1, G2 and G3 groups as compared to negative control group.
Central vein diameter of liver increased (p<0.05) in positive control group as compared to negative control group, while it was found similar between G1, G2 and G3 groups and positive control group. The hepatocyte cords width increased in positive control group as compared to negative control group. In G1, G2, and G3 groups, the hepatocyte cords width was smaller (p<0.05) than in control positive group. The number of Kupffer cells significantly increased in positive control group as compared to negative control group. The Kupffer cell count was lower (p<0.05) in G1, G2 and G3 groups than the positive control group. Microscopy of liver sections, stained with PAS staining, showed minimum glycogen deposition in hepatocytes of positive control group and treated groups as compared to negative control group.
In conclusion, histomorphometric evaluation showed that ZnONPs did not improve tissue micro-architecture of pancreas and kidney, rather deterioration of the parenchyma was observed. However, use of ZnONPs ameliorated the liver histology to some extent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2706-T] (1).
6.
Individual And Combined Effect Of Chicory Root Powder And Znso4 On Histology Of Intestine And Immune Organs In Broilers
by Mamoona Din (2015-VA-1085) | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note:
Phytogenic feed additives are plant derivatives which act as natural growth promoters and play crucial role in development of poultry health and production. Mineral supplementation also alters the immune status and gastrointestinal health and thus improves the performance in broilers. Thus intestinal and immune morphology is known to be modulated by nutritional interventions. Chicory is such a natural herb which acts as a prebiotic and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) is a trace mineral which possesses antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties Chicory root powder (CRP) and ZnSO4 have previously been used as growth promoters; however their combined effect on histology of broilers has not yet been evaluated. The present study was designed to report the individual and combined effect of CRP and ZnSO4 on histomorphometry of intestine, immune organs and some blood parameters in broilers.
150 one-day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups: CONT, 2C, 4C, Zn60, 2C+Zn60, 4C+Zn60) with five replicates (n=5). Group-I was served as control and fed only basal diet (CONT), Group-II (BD + 2% CRP), Group-III (BD+ 4% CRP), Group IV (BD+ 60mg/kg feed ZnSO4), Group-V (BD+2% CRP+60mg/kg ZnSO4) and Group-VI (BD+4%CRP+60mg/kg ZnSO4). Birds were immunized against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease.
On day 35, two randomly selected birds from each replicate were slaughtered. Blood was collected in falcon tubes and centrifuged at 3000rpm for 10 minutes to obtain serum and triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL were measured in serum. Three segments of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and caecum along with immune organs (cecal tonsils, thymus, spleen, bursa of fabricious) were excised and processed by paraffin embedding method and stained by H&E technique. Histological slides of intestine and immune organs were examined under light microscope (LABOMED® USA) for histomorphometric analysis. Data thus collected was analyzed by one-way ANOVA technique using SPSS. The means were compared using DMR test to measure significance at P<0.05.
The results revealed that the level of triglycerides, LDL, total cholesterol and VLDL decreased significantly in individual 2% CRP and combination group of 2%CRP+ZnSO4 while cholesterol and HDL remained non-significant in all treatment groups as compared to control group. The length and weight of small intestine increased in significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups. The length of caecum increased in all treatment groups while weight of caecum was insignificant in all treatment groups as compared to control group. In duodenum, CD and MM decreased, VL/CD and ME increased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups, while results of VL, VW, VSA, LP, EP were insignificant. In jejunum, VL, VL/CD, VSA and EP increased, CD decreased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups. In ileum, VL/CD and EP increased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups. The goblet cell count increased significantly in all intestinal segments in 2%CRP+ZnSO4 group.
In caecal tonsils number, area and length of lymphatic nodules increased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups. In thymus length of thymic lobules increased in 2% CRP and 4% CRP groups while width and area increased significantly in 4% CRP group. In spleen length and width of white pulp increased significantly in 2% CRP group. In bursa length, width and area of lymphatic nodules increased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups, while thickness of mucosal folds was not affected significantly in all treatment groups.
Dietary supplementation of chicory root powder and ZnSO4 may be useful in enhancing intestinal and immune organs microarchitecture and some blood parameters in broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2866-T] (1).
